The struggle of Mongols for their national independence and sovereignty conducted through the XX century was a struggle for the establishment of Mongolian nation-state which has developed in several periods and become a benchmark of the unique nation being able to liberate from the sphere of influence of Qing Empire. It is true that the problem of national independence of Mongolia in the beginning of the XX century was successfully resolved thanks to the initiatives and participation of Mongols themselves. But there is a significant role and assistance played by the northern neighbor- Russia.